Birds of the Wairarapa and where to see them
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Field guide to the birds of Oporua Floodway

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Black-backed Gull (Larus dominicanus)

Description: Our largest gull, black and white with yellow beak. Juveniles have mottled brown plumage and only attain adult plumage by 3-4 years. Numbers have increased enormously near urban centres which provide more sources of food.

Habitat: Never far off-shore, but can be seen soaring over all parts of the country including our mountain ranges. An opportunistic feeder seen on wet pastures, cultivated land, rubbish tips, sewer outlets.

Size: 60 cm


Red-billed Gull (Larus scopulinus)

Description: Our commonest small gull and the one invariably seen on TV during Test Cricket matches. Grey and white gull with red beak and legs.

Habitat: Usually coastal but flocks may be seen feeding or roosting on cultivated paddocks or sports fields within a few miles of the sea. is the first species to appear when you toss out some food at a beach picnic. .


Kingfisher (Todiramphus sanctus)

Description: Brightly coloured blue-green bird with light orange breast and sharp powerful beak. More often seen away from water and perhaps eats more insects, worms, lizards than fish. Known to kill small birds such as . Uses the beak to excavate a nest hole in rotten trees or banks. Harsh repeated "kek-kek-kek" call heard more often when breeding.

Habitat: Commonly seen sitting motionless on roadside powerlines, watching for prey. In winter many of our kingfishers migrate to the coast and may be seen feeding on fish and small crabs from rock pools.


Skylark (Alauda arvensis)

Description: Soaring singing small brown bird of open country and pastures. May display small crest when seen perching in profile (a feature not seen in ).

Habitat: Commonly seen as a small dot singing as it hovers high above the nesting territory.


Welcome Swallow (Hirundo neoxena)

Description: Fast-flying small forktailed blue black bird with orange red face and throat. Numbers have exploded since the 1960s when breeding was first recorded in the Wairarapa. A welcome migrant from Australia as its presence has in no way jeopardised existence of our other aerial feeding, predominantly insectivorous bird () which prefers forests and gardens. Their open mud nests are stuck onto rough vertical walls of culverts, bridges and buildings. They can have 3 clutches a year.

Habitat: Swallows chase and catch aerial insects over open country and water.

Size: 15 cm


New Zealand Pipit (Anthus novaeseelandiae)

Description: Similar in appearance and size to but behaviour very different. Tends to run away instead of flying off (as does ) when approached and when it does fly usually only goes a short distance before alighting. Has a longer tail than and frequently flicks it up and down. Not a songster, but has a harsh "swee" call.

Habitat: Usually in pairs on shingle river beds or gravel road margins. Widely distributed from coast to alpine meadows. But does not live in cultivated land or farm pastures like .


Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis)

Description: A brightly coloured finch which was introduced from Europe. Small, with crimson face, light brown back, light underparts with bright yellow bars on black wings. A seed and insect eater fond of thistle and often feeds on marigold and other flower seedheads in gardens. Commonly nest in fruit trees. Has an attractive almost canary-like song.

Habitat: Commonly seen in farmland, parks and gardens, frequently in large winter flocks.


Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella)

Description: Our only common widespread yellow bird. Both sexes show yellow face and head, and upper parts brown, but male is much the brighter. Male song traditionally described as "little bit of bread and no cheese", often repeated monotonously. Ground feeder, in winter frequently seen in flocks where hay has been fed out on paddocks. Nest on or close to ground in a tangle of vegetation. The pale pinkish eggs are covered with purple-red scribbles.

Habitat: Seen usually in hedgerows, scrubland and open country.


Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

Description: An apparently black bird whose plumage glistens with iridescent greens and purples in sunlight. Readily distinguished from by its swaggering walk as opposed to 's hopping gait. Commonly seen on lawns or pastures especially after rain when grass grubs more accessible. Huge flocks wheel in unison like vast moving black clouds especially over their winter roosts, which can comprise over 20,000 birds. Noisy chattering birds which can become good mimics.


Australian Magpie (Gymnorhina hypoleuca)

Description: Prominent black and white crow-like bird. Aggressive and may physically attack humans and if either venture close to their nests. Unprotected since 1991 and commonly trapped or shot as a pest. Kill and eat small birds and take their eggs. Native species increase in numbers when magpies are eliminated. Best feature of this bird is its flute-like morning carolling.

Habitat: Motor in the country and you could easily believe these large black and white birds were our commonest bird. They are very obvious in family groups foraging on pasture.

Size: 40 cm


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